医学专家出庭的困惑:法律思考与伦理思辨

The Perplexity of Medical Expert Appearing in Court:Legal Thinking and Ethical Reflection

医学专家在刑事诉讼中出庭制度设计的立法预期在于实现对鉴定意见的有效质证,帮助法官准确理解专门性问题。但法律及司法解释对出庭专家的角色定位、意见属性等问题规定模糊,不仅导致理解出现分歧,也使专家在出庭问题上面临困惑,制度实际运行中出庭率低,难以实现制度预设价值。以最为常见的医学专家这一群体为研究面向,从法律和伦理角度进行深层次思辨,提出专家意见定位的中立性是消解困惑、解除症结的根本,通过对医学专家领域小视角的具体问题剖析折射刑事诉讼大制度的应然规则设计。

The legal system of medical experts appearance in court of the criminal proceedings is aimed to provide verified written opinion for effective cross-examination, helping the judges get an accurate understanding of specific problems. However, the legal and judicial explanations for expert＇s role in positioning and opinion orientation are not clearly defined, which may lead to discrepancy in understanding and get the medical experts into dilemma and perplexity. In practice, the appearance rate of medical experts is low which can not realize the prospective value of the system. Taking the medical experts as research subjects, this paper does an in-depth analysis from legal and ethical point of view, arguing that the neutrality of expert＇s opinion is fundamental to solve the dilemma and dispel the confusion. Therefore, the rules for criminal proceeding system design can be reflected through analyzing the specific problems from the view of medical experts.