医生告知义务的类型与范围——来自德国的启示

On the Types and Scope of Physician's Duty of Disclosure:Enlightenment from Germany

根据医生告知义务的内容和保护目的的不同,告知义务可以被区分为针对自决权的告知、针对治疗的告知和针对治疗费用的告知,违反不同类型告知义务的法律后果也应当不同。《侵权责任法》第五十五条混合规定了两种不同类型的告知义务,导致医生的责任范围可能被不当扩大。针对治疗的告知义务普遍存在于诊疗规范的要求当中,应当予以补充规定。《侵权责任法》第五十五条还应当进一步明确应当向患者告知的医疗风险和替代医疗方案等情况的范围界限。

In accordance with the different contents and aim of protection, the physician＇s duty of disclosure may be divided into disclosure of right of self-determination, disclosure of medical treatment, and disclosure of medical treatment costs. The consequence of the breach of different types of duty should also be different. Article fifty-eight of Tort Liability Law mixed two different types of disclosure duties, which could improperly extend the scope of physician＇s liability. The law should provide complementary duty of disclosure of medical treatment that widely existed in the requirements of rules of diagnosis and treatment. Article fifty-five of Tort Liability Law should also further clearly provide the limit of scope of medical risks and alternative medical treatment, which should be disclosed to the patients.