中山市戒毒者盐酸美沙酮维持治疗现状及其需求的调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Situation of Methadone Hydrochloride Maintenance Treatment in Drug Addicts from Zhongshan and Their Demands

目的:为提升盐酸美沙酮用于戒毒者维持治疗的效果提供参考。方法:对中山市两家医院药物维持治疗门诊接受盐酸美沙酮维持治疗的戒毒者的治疗现状及其需求进行问卷调查,并就调查数据进行统计和分析。结果:共发放问卷101份,回收有效问卷88份,有效回收率为87.13%。64.77%的受访者在最近1年里除了使用盐酸美沙酮外,还滥用过1种或者多种药物(毒品);其中,滥用频率最高的是海洛因,为31.31%,其次是去痛片、安定、冰毒、曲马多等。72.73%的受访者表示完全能够按照要求坚持盐酸美沙酮维持治疗。受访者盐酸美沙酮用量比较分散,平均用量为75.80 m L/次,分布在71~80 m L/次之间比例较高(占26.14%)。受访者的家庭支持平均得分为(6.22±1.88)分,社会支持平均得分为(32.73±6.94)分。受访者中经济状况一般、较差、非常差的比例分别为52.27%、22.73%、14.77%。受访者前5位的需求是消除社会歧视需求(38.64%)、就业需求(35.23%)、心理情绪支援需求(35.23%)、协助减少盐酸美沙酮用量需求(32.95%)和协助减少复吸需求(28.41%)。结论:接受盐酸美沙酮维持治疗的戒毒者以男性和中青年占大多数,相对经济状况较差,得到的家庭关怀和社会支持不理想,绝大部分完全或基本能够坚持盐酸美沙酮维持治疗,但其中多数仍存在滥用其他药物(毒品)的情况,且其有多方面需求。故有必要通过社工介入服务的模式来衔接"生物-心理-社会"的医学治疗模式,进行全方位干预,以更好地满足其相关需求,提升其盐酸美沙酮维持治疗的效果。

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for improving therapeutic efficacy of methadone hydrochloride in maintenance treatment for drug addicts. METHODS： A questionnaire survey was conducted among drug addicts from outpatient department of drug maintenance treatment in 2 hospitals of Zhongshan City about their situation and demands. The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS： A total of 101 questionnaires were distributed, and 88 effective questionnaires were recovered with effective recovery of 87.13%. 64.77% of the respondents had abused one or more drugs （narcotics） in the last year except for methadone hydrochlo- ride; among them, the frequency of heroin abuse was the highest, which is 31.31%, followed by Qutong tablet, valiurn, meth, tramadol, etc. 72.73% of the respondents said they could stick to methadone hydrochloride maintenance treatment completely. The dosage of methadone was relatively dispersed, and the average dosage was 75.80 mL/time; the proportion of 71-80 mL/time was high, accounting for 26.14%. The average score of respondents＇ family support was （6.22 ± 1.88） and the average score of social support was （32.73 ± 6.94）. The proportions of general, poor and very poor economic condition were 52.27 %, 22.73 %, 14.77 %, re- spectively. The main demand of the top 5 respondents were to eliminate social discrimination （38.64%）, employment （35.23%）, psychological emotional support （35.23%）, to reduce methadone hydrochloride dose （32.95%）, assisting to reduce relapse （28.41%）, respectively. CONCLUSIONS： The majority of the addicts who receive methadone hydrochloride maintenance treat- ment are male and middle-aged and young, their relative economic status is poor, and their family care and social support are unsat- isfactory. The vast majority of them can adhere to methadone hydrochloride maintenance treatment completely or basically, most of which still abuse other drugs （narcotics） and have many demands. It is necessary to connect ＂biological-psychological-social＂ mode of medical treatment through social work intervention service mode, and conduct comprehensive intervention in order to better meet the relevant requirements and improve therapeutic efficacy of methadone hydrochloride maintenance treatment.