过去30年铁路危险货物运输事故规律剖析

An Analysis on Dangerous Goods Railway Transportation Accidents in the Past 30 Years

为了掌握铁路危险货物运输事故的特点和规律,统计分析了1985~2015年我国121起铁路危险货物运输事故的发生时间、事故类型、事故发现环节及事故原因。统计表明:事故数量在季节分布上有明显特征;在时间段分布上有两个明显的高峰期;有两类物质是引发事故的主要危险货物类型;泄露和火灾占危险货物运输事故主要类型;事故发现环节集中在站内作业时,两站间不易发现事故;人的不安全行为是造成事故的主要原因。针对发现的规律,从重视泄漏事故、研发自动监测报警装置、加强站间事故发现方法的研究、对托运人定期进行安全教育培训等方面提出了预防和减少事故的对策建议。

To find the characteristics of dangerous goods accidents in railway transportation, this paper evaluates 121 accidents happened in China during 1985~2001. These accidents were statistically analyzed in terms of the following aspects, i.e., times of occurrence, types of accidents, discoveries of accidents and causes of the accidents. The statistical analysis leads to the following findings： most of accidents happened in two peak times; there are two main types of substances to cause accidents; leakage and fire are two main kinds of accidents; the accident are mainly found in the railway stations; accidents between two stations are not easy to be identified; and the accident is mainly caused by the negligence of railway operators. Based on the analysis, some corresponding countermeasures for reducing the accidents are proposed, including paying more attention to the fuel leakage, developing automatic monitoring alarm device, strengthening accident detection between stations, and regular safety education and training, etc.