空调控温储藏稻谷品质变化规律的研究

Research on changes of paddy quality in temperature controlled storage by air conditioner

针对北方地区夏季稻谷储藏期间存在仓温高、上层粮温上升快易发热、品质陈化速度快等突出问题,在平房仓内采用空调进行控温储粮工艺研究,分析粮堆上层稻谷的温度、水分以及品质指标变化规律。结果表明:随着储藏时间的延长,实验仓和对照仓粮堆上层稻谷的水分、发芽率、品尝评分值均逐渐降低,与储藏时间呈线性负相关关系。脂肪酸值逐渐增高,与储藏时间呈线性正相关关系,直链淀粉与储藏时间呈现先上升后下降的趋势。整个储藏期内,实验仓的粮堆上层稻谷各品质指标的变化幅度均明显小于对照仓,储藏至第19个月时,实验仓稻谷品质好于对照仓。实仓应用后,上层粮温始终保持在20℃以下,无储粮害虫发生,且减少了储粮水分损失,并有效延缓了夏季粮食劣变速度,实现了稻谷准低温绿色安全储藏,具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。

The storage process of control temperature by air conditioner in the warehouse was researched aimed at the problems such as the high temperature inside warehouse, the upper grain temperature rising quickly and grain quality becoming stale rapidly during the paddy storage in summer in north area. The changes of temperature, moisture content and quality indexes of the top layer paddy were analyzed. The result showed that the moisture content, germination rate and tasting score of the top layer paddy reduced gradually with the increase of storage time, compared experimental warehouse with control warehouse, which showed negatively liner correlated with storage time; while the fatty acid value increased gradually and positively liner correlated with storage time; amylose and storage time showed the trend of ascended at first and then declined. The change ranges of quality targets in the test warehouse were obviously less than those in the control warehouse during the storage period. When stored for nineteenth months, the quality of the grain in the test warehouse was better than that in the control warehouse; The upper grain temperature was kept below 20℃ without pest, and moisture content loss in the grain was decreased and deterioration of grain quality was delayed. The safe storage of paddy at quasi low temperature was realized, which have obviously economical and social benefits.