铜肠道稳态平衡调控机制研究进展

Research Progress on Regulation Mechanisms of Intestinal Copper Homeostasis

铜是动物机体必需的微量元素之一,肠道细胞内铜的吸收、储存、释放、转运对肠道铜稳态的维护至关重要,肠道铜稳态的失衡使肠道细胞脱落导致肠道功能障碍。随着对肠道铜转运因子与靶细胞器研究的逐步深入和完善,人们取得了新的发现和认识。作者综述了胞内的线粒体、高尔基体、胞浆分别与铜伴侣蛋白、铜转运蛋白的结合途径,阐明了铜特异性转运蛋白(CTR1)的表达机制,铜转出蛋白(ATP7A、ATP7B)在高铜情况下的再分配机制及其他上皮细胞组织铜的稳态机制。根据以上机制得出,肠细胞亚细胞器的铜转运蛋白的表达位置和表达水平随其内环境铜水平的变化而趋于肠稳态形式变化。此结论为揭示肠道铜稳态机制提供了一定的理论依据。

Copper is one of the necessary trace elements in animals.The absorption,storage,release and transportation of cellular copper in intestinal play an critical role in maintaining intracellular copper homeostasis,the imbalance of which can lead to intestinal dysfunction resulting from intestinal cell shedding.As for the gradually further and perfect studying on intestinal copper transporter and target organelles,people have achieved new discoveries and understanding.This article reviewed the binding pathway between intracellular mitochondria,golgi apparatus,cytoplasm and copper chaperone,as well as copper transporters.The expression mechanism of CTR1 transporters,redistribution mechanism of ATP7 Aand ATP7Bin the case of high copper and homeostatic mechanism of other epithelial tissue copper were elucidated.Based on the above mechanism,the change of homeostasis in the intestine is a dynamic equilibrium which is related to the intestinal copper level and the expression of copper transporter in intestinal subcellular organelle,such as expression location and expression level.The conclusion will provide a theoretical foundation for revealing the mechanism of intestinal copper homeostasis.