日本关于犯罪论的争论焦点及借鉴意义

The Main Points of Argument about Crime Theory in Japan and the Reference

日本刑法学关于犯罪论之争的主导思想在于以民主主义刑法理念完成对威权主义刑法理念的反思。反思的着眼点在于:为了彻底地贯彻罪刑法定主义,尊重和保障人权,如何以客观主义刑法学取代主观主义刑法学;如何构建以构成要件(或者行为)为基础的犯罪论体系。关于犯罪论的具体问题的争论集中在四个方面:构成要件的体系定位及其机能的发挥;行为的定位及行为论的选择;行为无价值与结果无价值之争;责任的本质之争。与之相对照,我国刑法学关于犯罪论的研究存在构成要件机能论研究的模糊、忽视行为论研究、行为无价值与结果无价值之争意义不明、责任本质的不明确等不足之处。

The leading idea about the crime theory in Japanese criminal law is using the idea of democratic criminal law to rethink authoritarian criminal law. The main points are as follows ： in order to implement the principle of legality, respect and ensure human rights, （1） How to replace the subjective criminal law with objective criminal law; （2）how to structure the criminal theory system based with composition elements（ or behavior）. The argument about the crime theory are as follows： （ 1 ） the location and functions of composition elements ; （2） the location of behavior and the behavior theory; （ 3 ） The valuelessness of behavior and the valuelessness of consequence; （4） the nature of duty. According to these, the deficiencies of Chinese criminal law are as fol- lows： （ 1 ） having a hazy understanding about the functions of composition elements; （ 2）overlook about the behavior theory ; （ 3 ） having a hazy understanding about the argument of the valuelessness of behavior and the valuelessness of consequence; （4） having a hazy understanding about the nature of duty.