中国能源企业国际化的“成长曲线”

Internationalization Process of Chinese Energy Enterprises

跨国公司理论的过程学派认为,企业通过在实践中习得知识和积累经验,渐进地实现国际化。但"三桶油"的国际化进程表明,它们在东道国的发展轨迹并不完全符合过程学派的"发展链"规律。若将企业成长理论的S型曲线引入,形成描绘国际化成长的"进化曲线",则可以合理地修改这一缺陷。跨国化指数的比较揭示了"三桶油"的国际化水平与行业领先者之间尚存在不小差距。借助进化曲线中的隐藏曲线,可以发现其不足之处,如资产结构不平衡、技术水平落后、激进行为的存在和本土化不足,等等。克服能源企业国际化的瓶颈,可借助关系网络理论,引导企业跨越至下一条进化曲线。

The process school of transnational corporation theory believes that enterprises can progressively achieve internationalization by learning knowledge and accumulating experience in practice. However, the internationalization process of ＂Three Oil Companies＂ （China National Petroleum Corporation, Sinopec Group, and China National Offshore Oil Corporation） indicates that their development in the host country do not completely obey the ＂development chain＂ rules of process school. The defect can be overcome rationally if the S curve of enterprise growth theories is brought in to form an ＂evolution curve＂ which describes internationalized growth. The comparison of transnational indexes reveals that a large gap still exists between the internationalization of ＂Three Oil Companies＂ and that of industrial leaders. The hidden curves in the evolution curve reveals many of their deficiencies, such as asset structure unbalance, laggard technological level, existence of radical behaviors, insufficient localization, etc. It is necessary to make use of the network of relations theory to guide energy enterprises to overcome the bottleneck for internationalization. In this way, the enterprises can go to the next evolution process.