论《民法总则》不当得利一般条款的设置模式

Setting of General Clauses of Unjust Enrichment of the General Principles of the Civil Code

《民法总则》第122条规定了不当得利一般条款,但忽视了不当得利一般条款的设置模式问题,在规范内容上存在严重不足。文章考察了德国法"单一型一般条款模式"与苏俄民法"复合型一般条款模式",提出《民法总则》应采取"复合型一般条款模式"。《民法总则》第122条应增加不法原因给付、给付系履行道德上义务及知道无债务为给付三种排除事由,明确界定不当得利返还客体,区分得利人善意恶意确定不当得利返还范围。文章具体设计了"复合型一般条款"的法律条文并说明了理由。

The general clause of unjust enrichment is regulated by Article 122 of the General Principles of the Civil Code （Draft）, which ignores the setting mode of the general clauses of unjust enrichment and lacks essential parts in the content of the regulations. This paper, elaborating on the ＂single-general-clause mode＂ in German law and the ＂multi-general-clause mode＂ in the USSR law, argues that the upcoming General Principles of the Civil Code should adopt the ＂multi-general- clause mode＂. Seizing the opportunity of the present codification work, this intends to propose an amendment to Article 122, suggesting that the General Principles of the Civil Code should add three defenses to restitution： payment for illegal reasons, payment as a fulfillment of moral duties and knowingly no-debt-payment. Besides, it should define the objects of restitution and ascertain the measure of restitution. This paper specifically designs provisions of ＂multi-general-clause＂ and expounds reasons thereof.