规则内化与规则外溢——中美参与全球治理的内在逻辑

Rule Internalization and Rule Externalization:The Internal Logic of China and US Participation in Global Governance

全球治理是一种以规则为基础的治理。在全球治理领域,国家之间的博弈日益表现为规则制定权的竞争。基于综合实力的不同,霸权国家与新兴大国参与全球治理的路径选择存在较大差异,也制约了实力变动后国家的全球治理政策的调整空间。由于实力的相对衰落,美国长期以来对全球治理的规则外溢型参与的难度日益加大。新的形势下,美国需要调整其参与全球治理的内顾倾向,回归平等协作的全球治理的基本要求。但由于美国政府所进行的一系列政策调整并未改变规则外溢型参与的路径,美国在相当长的时期仍将延续在全球治理问题上的逆势行动。随着中国实力的崛起,单纯通过规则内化参与全球治理的约束作用日益凸显,推动全球治理规则体系改革和引领新规则建立便成为自然而然的追求。这一过程也将十分漫长,它不仅取决于自身实力的持续提升,还要受到既有规则巨大惯性的阻碍。这意味着以美国为代表的发达国家与以中国为代表的新兴市场与发展中国家在全球治理规则上的"制定—接受"关系开始发生转变,全球治理将由此进入新一轮的激烈竞争与博弈。

In essence,global governance is a rule-based governance.In the field of global governance,the game between countries is increasingly manifested as competition for the power to formulate rules.Due to differentiated comprehensive strengths,hegemonic countries and emerging countries select different ways to participate in global governance,which restricts the adjustment space of their policies towards global governance after their strength has changed.As the relative decline in strength,the United States has been facing increasing difficulties in participating in global governance through its long upheld rule externalization.Under the new situations,the United States needs to adjust its inward participation in global governance to meet the basic requirements of global governance for equal cooperation.Because a series of policy adjustments that the US government has carried out did not change its rule externalization participation,it will be a long period for United States to continue its action defying the global trend in the global governance.With the rise of China's strength,the rule constraints of China's participation in global governance simply through rule internalization have been increasingly prominent,and China has naturally pursued to reform the global governance system and led the new international rules.This process will be very long for China because it not only depends on the continuous rise of its own strength,but also is hindered by the huge inertia of the established rules.This means that the 'formulation-acceptance' relationship between the developed countries represented by the United States and the emerging markets and developing countries represented by China in the global governance rules began to change,and global governance will thus enter a new round of fierce competition and game.