清代宫廷画家冷枚生平补正

More Research into Qing Court Painter Leng Mei's Life Story

冷枚是历经康、雍、乾三朝的宫廷画家,但记载其生平的资料极少见。本文结合新发现的王沛恂《匡山集》和《冷氏族谱》等文献,对冷枚的生卒年、师承关系、家族构成和生活状况等进行了新的考证:第一,冷枚的生卒年当在1661-1743,享年八十二岁;第二,冷枚在清宫除了师从焦秉贞学画外,还可能与顾见龙学习了一段时间,其"金门画史"的别号即袭用自顾见龙;第三,冷枚是元末明初时胶州人物画家冷超岩的后人,有子三人,为冷鉴、冷铨和冷鏏,而不是一般认为的二人(冷鉴、冷铨);第四,冷枚出身低微,虽为皇帝作画,但终生清贫,很难融入当时的文人文化圈,因此导致他在画史上某种程度的缺席。

There are rare written materials found about the life of Leng Mei who was employed as a court painter during the periods of Emperors Kangxi( 康熙), Yongzheng( 雍正) and Qianlong( 乾隆) of the Qing dynasty, but this thesis tries to make more textual research into his life concerning the years of birth and death, the tutors he learned from, the pedigree of his family and his living condition based on The Leng's Family Lineage(Lěngshì Zúpǔ) and the newly discovered Kuangshan Collected Works(Kuāngshān Jí) by Wang Peixun. It is believed in the thesis that Leng Mei was born in 1661 but died in 1743 at the age of 82. He learned painting under Jiao Bingzhen and Gu Jianlong, and his alias ' 金门画史 '(jīn mén huà shǐ) was probably named after his tutor Gu Jianlong. Leng Mei is the descendant of Artist Leng Chaoyan who lived in Jiaozhou in the turning from Yuan to Ming dynasty. He has three sons----Lengjian( 冷鉴), Lengquan( 冷铨) and Lengwei( 冷鏏), the result of which corrects the past common idea that he has two sons named Lengjian( 冷鉴) and Lengquan( 冷铨). Last of all, while a court painter, it was hard for Leng Mei who was from a humble family and lived a poor life to be assimilated into the literati circle of that time, so he is very much ignored in the history of art.