故宫隆宗门西元明清时期建筑遗址2015-2016年考古发掘简报

The 2015-2016 Excavation of The Yuan-Ming-Qing Architecture Ruins near Longzong Gate of The Forbidden City

经国家文物局批准,2015-2016年故宫博物院考古研究所在故宫隆宗门西广场北侧、内务府各司值房南侧配合消防管道更换工程进行了抢救性发掘。发现层位关系清楚的清代排水沟和砖铺面、明后期砖铺面、明中后期门和墙基址、明早期磉墩基址、元代磉墩和夯土层基址等建筑遗迹,与文献记载元代宫城、明清紫禁城营建的阶段性相一致,堪称故宫元明清"三叠层"。其中元代磉墩和夯土层遗存,无论层位关系、出土遗物,还是营造工艺,均是故宫考古的首次发现,很可能是元宫城大明殿周围的周庑基址,对研究元宫城(大内)格局、紫禁城历史特别是元宫城与明清紫禁城中轴线变迁具有重要意义。

With the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the 2015-2016 archaeological excavation of the architecture site was initiated by the Palace Museum Archaeology Institute in the northwest area away from Longzong Gate of the Forbidden City, where the fire pipelines replacement project would follow. As the result of the field investigation, the Yuan-MingQing palace sites of three stratigraphic layers have been located, uncovering the Qing drain and brickfloors, the late Ming brick-floors, the middle Ming gates and wall remains, the early Ming and Yuan pile caps, pedestal plinths and rammed foundations, which agrees with the historical records about the construction of the Forbidden City in the Ming and Qing periods successively. This first discovery of the Yuan pedestal plinths and rammed foundations inside the Forbidden City are likely to be the base of the buildings around Daming Dian(Hall) of the Yuan Palace judging from the layer relations, unearthed objects and construction techniques. It is therefore very significant for the understanding of the structure layout of the Yuan imperial palace, the history of the Forbidden City and the movement of the central axis of the imperial palace over the periods from the Yuan to the Ming and Qing dynasties.