2010—2012年中国中小学生闲暇静态活动

Status of sedentary activities in the leisure time in Chinese pupils in 2010-2012

目的了解中国中小学生闲暇时间静态活动现状,为制定干预措施提供基础资料。方法使用2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测中身体活动调查数据,采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样的方法,共调查中小学生39 242名,现对其闲暇时间看电视、使用电脑、玩电子游戏、阅读、做作业等静态活动的情况进行分析。采用2009年国家统计局公布的人口数据,进行复杂抽样加权处理,计算其闲暇静态活动时间,采用均数和率来描述中小学生静态活动的时间及其分布。结果中国中小学生闲暇平均每天静态活动时间是2.92 h;城市(3.04 h)高于农村(2.81 h);男生静态活动时间(2.90 h)略低于女生(2.94 h);高中、初中和小学学生静态活动时间分别为3.45、3.06和2.60 h。平均每天闲暇静态活动时间大于2 h的学生占86.2%,城市(87.5%)高于农村(85.1%);男、女生分别为86.4%和86.0%;高中、初中和小学学生平均每天闲暇静态活动时间大于2 h的比例分别为91.1%、88.8%和82.5%。平均每天做作业时间为1.48 h,男生(1.44 h)略低于女生(1.52 h);高中、初中和小学学生平均每天做作业的时间分别为1.90、1.62和1.20 h。结论中国中小学生闲暇时间静态活动时间过长,建议学校及家庭创造支持性环境,鼓励其减少静态活动,提高其身体活动水平。

Objective To describe the status of sedentary activities of the Chinese pupils in the leisure time,and to provide basic information for developing intervention strategies. Methods Utilizing the data of 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance, using the multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling method,a total of 39 242 pupils on sedentary activities including watching TV,using computer,playing computer games,reading and doing homework,was analyzed. Age and sex standardization was performed based on the China 2009 population published by National Statistics Bureau. The sedentary time after weight adjustment for complex sampling was reported to analyze the time distribution of Chinese pupils. Results The average time of Chinese pupils＇ sedentary activities was 2. 92 h/d. There was significant difference between the urban and rural area（ 3. 04 h vs 2. 81 h）,the boys spent more time slightly on the sedentary activities in their spare time. The senior high school students spent more time on the sedentary activities than the junior school students（ 3. 45 h vs 3. 06h）,who spent more time than the elementary school students（ 3. 06 h vs 2. 60 h）. The prevalence of engaging sedentary activities longer than 2 hours was 86. 2%,there was significant difference between the urban and rural area（ 87. 5% vs 85. 1%） and the ratio of boys and girls was 86. 4% and 86. 0%,respectively. More senior high school students engaged in sedentary activities longer than 2 hours daily than the junior school students,and the proportion of the junior school students engaged in sedentary activities longer than2 hours was higher than the elementary school students. The average daily homework time was 1. 48 h,and boys spent less time on homework than girls slightly（ 1. 44 h vs 1. 52 h）.Pupils in the senior school engaged more time in their homework than the junior school students（ 1. 90 h vs 1. 62 h）. and pupils in the junior school engaged more time in their homework than the elementary school students（ 1. 62 h vs 1. 20 h）. Conclusion Chinese pupils engaged too much time in sedentary activities in the leisure time, so it is recommended that schools and families create a supportive environment,encouraging the children to reduce their sedentary activities and to improve their physical activity levels.