基于健康行为过程取向的大学生膳食行为干预

An intervention study of college student' dietary behavior based on the health action process approach

目的基于健康行为过程取向(health action process approach,HAPA)理论,对大学生膳食行为展开分阶段干预研究,验证基于该理论的干预措施对改善大学生膳食行为的有效性。方法采用随机抽样的方法选取山西某医科类院校2013~2015级184名大学生作为研究对象,其中男生37人,女生147人。随机将其分为干预组(86人)和对照组(98人),于2015年10月至2016年5月,进行基于健康行为过程取向的膳食行为干预研究,其中对照组不施加任何干预措施,干预组按照研究对象所处的膳食行为阶段,将其划分至意向前组、意向组及行动组,并根据各自阶段的特征,施加不同的干预措施,利用大学生膳食行为量表进行干预效果评估。采用Epi Data 3.1、SPSS 20.0对数据进行整理与分析。结果实施干预后,干预组行动阶段的人数比例由52.33%增加到66.28%。干预组干预前后及干预后对照组与干预组的膳食行为总分(P<0.001)、膳食观念(P<0.001)、口味倾向(P<0.001,P=0.002)、进食规律(P<0.001)、膳食习惯(P=0.006,P<0.001)的得分差异有统计学意义,干预后得分高于干预前,干预组得分高于对照组。干预后研究对象在意向前阶段(t=-5.22,P<0.001)、意向阶段(t=-13.69,P<0.001)和行动阶段(t=-8.82,P<0.001)得分均高于干预前。结论依据健康行为过程取向理论所采取的个体化阶段匹配干预措施,对改善大学生膳食行为具有积极效果。

Objective To carry out a stage-matched intervention study on dietary behavior based on the Health Action Process Approach（ HAPA）,in order to verify the effectiveness of the intervention on improving the dietary behavior of college students.Methods The study recruited 184 medical university ＇s students who were admitted between 2013 and 2015 from Shanxi,including 37 males and 147 females to participate the intervention of dietary behavioral based on HAPA from October 2015 to May 2016 by method of random sampling. They were divided into control group（ 98） and intervention group（ 86）. No intervention was conducted on participants in the control group,differentintervention measures were applied to non-intenders,intenders and actors according to their characteristics in intervention group. Epi Data 3. 1 and SPSS 20. 0 were employed to analyze data. Results After the stage-matched intervention,the proportion of actors in the intervention group increased from 52. 33% to 66. 28%. In the intervention group the scores of participants after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention,and were also significantly higher after intervention than those from control group in dietary behaviors（ P 0. 001）,dietary concepts（ P 0. 001）,taste tendency（ P 0. 001,P = 0. 002）,eating regular（ P 0. 001） and dietary habits（ P = 0. 006,P 0. 001）. In the intervention group,the total scores in dietary behavior at nonintenders（ t =-5. 22,P 0. 001）,intenders（ t =-13. 69,P 0. 001） and actors（ t =-8. 82,P 0. 001） after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention. Conclusion Stage-matched intervention based on the HAPA has a positive effect on improving the dietary behavior of college students.