光功能金属有机骨架材料在爆炸物检测中应用的研究进展

Progress on Luminescent Metal-organic Framework Materials in the Detection of Explosive Substances

传统的含能材料检测方法主要是基于化学传感和精密仪器测量,但这两种方法通常很难实现爆炸物的快速检测。近十多年来,在超分子材料和配位化学交叉领域,出现了一种新材料——光功能金属有机骨架材料(LMOFs),这种材料具有多孔性、高量子产率和稳定性等特征,被认为是一种优良的发光材料。一方面,LMOFs结合了有机发光材料和金属发光材料的优势,并通过骨架内能量传递提高体系的发光效率。另一方面,LMOFs具有的整齐的孔道结构及大的比表面,有利于对不同爆炸物分子的选择性识别。因此LMOFs在分子荧光识别和检测爆炸物方面展示了较好的应用前景。系统介绍了硝基类爆炸物、氮杂环爆炸物和非含氮爆炸物三类LMOFs在爆炸物识别和检测方面的研究进展,着重总结了LMOFs的识别机理和识别选择性。未来,LMOFs对爆炸物检测的研究可能更加重视材料的表面修饰、水稳定性提高和氮杂环爆炸物检测等方面的探索。

The traditional methods of detecting energetic materials are mainly based on chemical sensing and precise instrument measurement, but these two methods are usually difficult to achieve the detection of explosives rapidly. In the past more than 10 years, in the crossing field of supermolecular material and coordination chemistry, a new material-luminescent metal-organic frameworks （I_MOFs） has emerged, due to the porous, high quantum yield and stability characteristics of this material, it is considered to be an excellent luminescent material. On the one hand, LMOFs combine the advantages of organic luminescent materials and metal luminescent materials, and improve the luminous efficiency of the system through energy transfer within the skeleton. On the other hand, LMOFs have orderly pore structure and large specific surface, which is beneficial to the selective recognition of different explosive molecules. Therefore, LMOFs display promising applications in the molecular fluorescence recognition and detection of explosives. The paper introduces the research progress of LMOFs in the field of recognition and detection of explosives systematically, the main research objects include three categories, nitro-explosives, nitro-geo hetercyclic explosives and explosives without nitrogen. The recognition mechanizm and recognition selectivity of LMOFs are mainly summarized. In the future, the research on the detection of explosives by LMOFs may pay more attention to the exploration of surface modification of materials, improvement of water stability and detection of nitro-geo hetercyclic explosives and other aspects.