几种水质评价方法在涑水河的应用与比较研究

Several evaluation methods in the study and comparison of the application of Sushui River

采用模糊综合评价法、综合水质标识指数法、改进的内梅罗污染指数法进行水质评价,并对结果进行比较,分析3种水质评价方法的优缺点及适用条件。基于涑水河长期的水质监测数据,对涑水河9个断面进行水质评价,评价结果表明:涑水河污染严重,氨氮、总氮、COD指标严重超标,总氮的污染指数最大。水质最差的断面为庙上和郭家庄,相对污染较轻的为冷口和吕庄水库断面。模糊综合评价法对污染物的单项参数都进行了评价,解决了难以量化的模糊问题,能够对水体的功能和类型进行评价;改进的内梅罗污染指数法客观,能反映水体的污染程度,因此内梅罗污染指数法对水体污染程度更适用;综合水质标识指数法能进行定性和定量评价,并对水体类型与水体是否黑臭进行合理评价。

Compared with the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, comprehensive water quality identification index method, Nemero pollution index method is improved, and the results were compared, analysis the advantages and disadvantages of these three kinds of evaluation methods and applicable conditions. Based on Sushui River long-term water quality monitoring data and through the water quality evaluation of the 9 sections of Sushui River, the evaluation results show that Sushui River pollution is serious, the 3 indexes of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, COD seriously exceed the standard, the pollution index of total nitrogen is the largest. The worst sections of the water quality are Miaoshang and Guojiazhuang, and the relatively polluted ones are the section of the Lengkou and the Lvzhuang Reservoir. Each parameter of pollutants and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of evaluation, can solve the fuzzy problem difficult to quantify, can function as well as the type of water to be evaluated; Nemero index improved objectively, can reflect the water pollution degree, so the Nemerow index method is more suitable for the master degree of water pollution. Comprehensive water quality identification index method can be qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated, and reasonable assessment of water types and black or foul water bodies is carried out.