启蒙与传统的较量:《新青年》中的民俗问题

A Conflict between Enlightenment and Tradition: Folklore in New Youth

《新青年》中与民俗相关的文本从体裁上可分为两类,一类是议论性的杂文,一类是社会调查报告。在特点上,这两者对中国传统民间风俗习惯都表现出了很强的反抗性和批判性,甚至出现了盲目扩大的趋向,与同一时期知识分子对民间文学的态度截然相反。中国现代民俗学的萌生与追求现代民族国家的理想牢不可分,相关学者对于这一学科的研究理念深受时代要求与外国民俗学理论的影响,这一方面体现在他们对民间风俗习惯与民间文学的不同态度上,另一方面也体现在他们对两个"民"的概念的不同理解上,最终使得民间风俗习惯与民间文学分别成为"传统"和"现代"的化身。

The texts related to folklore in the New Youth can be divided into two different genres-essays and social surveys. Both of them are characterized by strong resistance and criticism to the traditional Chinesefolk customs and habits, and even have a tendency to blindly overextension, opposite to the attitude of other scholars of the same period. The initiation of modern Chinese folklore is inseparable with the pursuit of the ideal of modern national state. The relevant scholars＇ research ideas about the subject are deeply influenced by the requirements of the times and the foreign folklore theory.On the one hand, they have different attitudes towards folk customs and folk literature; on the other hand, they have different understanding of the concept of ＂folk＂. Thus, folk customs and folk literature become the embodiment of＂tradition＂and＂modernity＂respectively.