村治主体的缺位与再造——以湖北省秭归县村落理事会为例

The Absence and Reconstruction of Village Governance Agents:The Village Council in Zigui County of Hubei as an Example

当前中国农村社会面临着治理主体缺位的村治困境,其主要表现形式是村级组织自治功能弱化和内生性村治主体无法生成,使村庄自治事务处于管理真空状态。基于加强基层治理的现实需求,湖北省秭归县的"幸福村落"创建活动开辟了以村落理事会建设为主要内容的行政供给式的村治主体再造路径,具体从村治主体的治理单元、治理资源和治理规则三个方面展开再造。村落理事会在实际运行过程中,通过构建在村精英的吸纳机制、村庄内部资源的调动机制以及民主协商积极性的激发机制,实现了村庄的良性治理,适应了农村社会非规则化、非格式化的特征,是应对村庄琐碎事务的扁平化治理机制。湖北省秭归县的村落理事会建设经验为中国农村基层社会治理模式改革提供了方向。

China＇s rural society is bewildered by the absence of agents in village governance and the weakening of village autonomy. Based on current needs for strengthening grassroots governance, the creation of ＂Happiness Village＂ in Zigui County of Hubei has opened up a way to re-construct agents in village governance in which the construction of Village Councils serves as a main ingredient. This article analyzes the re-construction of governance unit, governance resources, and governance rules. In the operation process, the creation of Village Councils has helped to absorb the elites who remain in villages, mobilize social resources and stimulate consultation initiatives. This has facilitated good governance of villages and been adapted to the rural society characterized by irregularity and non format specificity. The study regards this as a kind of flat governance structure that addresses the needs for solving villages＇ small-scale problems. In conclusion, the experience of Village Councils＇ construction in Zigui County of Hubei has provided a direction for the further development of China＇s rural grassroots social governance reform.