政府购买公共服务的“公地悲剧”及其治理之道

“The tragedy of the Commons” in Government Procurement and Its overnance

由于各国政府大力倡导和支持,政府购买公共服务现已发展成为一种全球性制度安排。但是政府购买公共服务也引发社会组织之间的恶性竞争、社会组织与政府部门之间的勾结串通,暴露出"供应商垄断""权力寻租""隐性腐败"等问题,"公地悲剧"由此产生。通过博弈分析发现:权力滥用、制度失灵、监督缺失、卖方垄断等是造成"公地悲剧"的一系列重要原因。有针对性的应对措施是建立以约束公共权力为关键,以完善市场竞争机制和监督评审机制为根本,以实施购买公开与标准化管理为重点的治理体系。

As advocated and supported by governments around the world, government procurement of public ser- vice has developed into a global institutional arrangements. However, it also causes vicious competition among social organizations, collusion between social organizations and government departments, which also exposes problems such as ＂supplier monopoly＂, ＂power rent-seeking＂,＂ hidden corruption＂, which is called＂ the tragedy of the Commons＂. Through the game theory analysis, this paper insists that the abuse of power, the failure of in- stitution, the lack of supervision and the seller monopoly are causes of ＂the tragedy of the commons＂ in the pub- lic procurement. Targeted measures is expected to establish so as to establish a governance system which con- strains public power, improves the market competition mechanism and the supervision and evaluation mechanism, implements purchasing process in a transparent and standardized style.