实证研究视角下的校园足球损害赔偿范围论

The Empirical Study on the Ranges of Compensation for Damages in the Field of Campus Football

运动伤害会带来法律评价上的损害赔偿范围确定与计算问题。作为学校体育开展的一个典型样本,校园足球损害赔偿范围论对于认识学校体育伤害的赔偿情况具有参照意义。对2012—2016年法院案件的实证研究考察显示,校园足球损害赔偿范围的确定,需要在充分把握校园足球运动个性特征的基础上,经由一个弹性评价价值体系过滤,综合考量个案多种影响因素后予以确定。在保险分担风险机制不甚完善、学校过错多发、精神损害赔偿日趋普遍、损失分担条款加重学校与加害人责任的背景下,损害赔偿范围论应发挥"控制阀"的作用,有必要在一定程度上向被告方(特别是学校)倾斜,通过确立合理赔偿而非全部赔偿原则、限缩精神损害赔偿范围、引入因果关系联系度、过错程度、行为违法性程度、行为人年龄智力等考量因素,权衡主观计算与客观计算标准等方式,为学校开展校园足球运动减负。

Sports injury may result in the issues of confirmation and calculation of ranges of compensation for damages. As a typical sample of school sports, the research on the ranges of compensation for damages in the field of campus football will help us to know the situation of compensation of school sports injury. The empirical case study from 2012 to 2016 shows that the confirmation of compensation for damages in the field of campus football should consider comprehensively various influential factors, based on the individual characteristics of campus football and filtered by a flexible value system. In the background of imperfection of insurance, frequency of school negligence, widespread of mental compensation and increased liability by the rule of loss distribution, the ranges of compensation for damages should play the role of＂ control valve＂ so as to lean towards the part of defendants. The ways of confirming the principle of reasonable compensation instead of comprehensive compensation, limiting the application of mental compensation, introducing the factors of casual link, degree of negligence, degree of illegality, age and intelligence of the actors, balancing the standard of subjective and objective calculation should be established in order to make the burden of the school responsibility lighter.