网球运动生物学特征综述

Review of Sport-Biological Profile of Tennis

网球是世界上普及化程度较高的运动项目之一,现代网球职业赛事比赛期长达10个月,大量的比赛对网球运动员竞技能力的保持提出了极高的要求。国内对网球运动的研究热度较高,然而,研究多集中于社会学领域,较少采用实验法,对网球生物学特征认识非常有限。通过综述国内、外网球相关研究文献,对网球运动员和网球项目特征进行总结和分析。结果显示:1)网球运动员的形态特征与生理学特征都高于普通人;2)网球属于间歇性运动项目,高强度运动与间歇性休息是网球比赛的基本特征;3)网球比赛的平均强度不高,但在击球与多回合长时间对打过程中的生理学强度较高;4)网球运动的技术特征与运动损伤是网球生物力学研究的热点。未来对网球项目的研究应多从运动生物学角度出发,加强对网球训练和比赛的运动学特征与生理学特征的研究,以进一步促进对网球项目特征的认识,提高网球项目的科学化水平。

Tennis is one of the most popular sports in the world, the modem professional tennis tournament season lasts up to 10 months, such numerous competitions puts forward high demands for the tennis players to keep their competitive capacity and perform. There is a high degree of research on tennis in China; however, the research is more concentrated in the field of sociology, and experimental methods are seldom used, with very limited understanding of the biological features of tennis. This paper summarizes the domestic and international research literature on tennis, analyzes the characteris- tics of tennis players and the game of tennis. The results show that the morphological and physiological profile of tennis players are better than those of ordinary people. Tennis is an intermittent sport., high-intensity exercise and intermittent rest are the basic characteristics of tennis. Though the mean physiological intensity of tennis is not high, intensity becomes higher with the accumulation of each stroke and long rallies. The technical aspects and sports injury related to tennis are the current hotspots of research on tennis biomechanics. In the future, research on tennis should focus on biology, and the study of the kinematics and physiology of tennis training and competition should be strengthened in order to pro- mote the understanding of tennis and improve the level of scientific training.