武术套路裁判员主观裁决心智过程研究

The Mental Process of the Professional Referees of Wushu's Subjective Judge

为探究武术套路裁判员的执裁心智过程,将国内3场大型武术赛事的32名专家裁判作为研究对象,采用观察法、访谈法和回溯有声思维法,获取武术套路裁判执裁过程资料,对有声思维资料进行转码、分类、分析处理。结果发现,武术套路裁判的裁决类型包含7大类13小类,其中,表现、比较和打分占了主要部分,3类裁决呈现出一定的时间规律性。将认知研究中的态势感知理论结合有声思维数据和访谈结果,构建了武术套路裁判员的裁决心智过程模型,该模型体现了武术套路裁判员在真实执裁过程中循环体验信息,以目标驱动为特性的认知特点。武术裁判员的培养应建立系统评判点、培养裁判统一认知框架、建立评判点训练库、加强裁判心理现象学习。

In order to investigate the mental process of Wushu referees＇ judge, 32 professional referees of 3 domestic large-scale Wushu tournaments was considered as the research objects, using the method of observation, interview and retrospective Think-aloud Protocols, the data of judge process of Wushu, data of Think-aloud Protocols was transcoded, classified and analysised. The Wushu professional referees＇ judge type contains 7 types and 13 small classes, including performance, comparison and scoring as the main parts, 3 kinds of judges present a certain regularity. The cognitive theory of situational awareness combined with Think-aloud data and the interview results to build a Wushu professional referees＇ judge process mental model. The model reflects the cognitive characteristics of cyclic experiencing information and objective driven in true judge. Wushu referees＇ training should establish systematic evaluation points, cultivate an uniform cognitive frames of referees, establish evaluation points training library, strength the study of mental phenomena of referees.