面向全空间信息系统的多粒度时空对象数据模型描述框架

Description Frame of Data Model of Multi-granularity Spatio-temporal Object for Pan-spatial Information System

全空间信息系统是一种面向从微观到宏观的动态复杂世界的空间信息系统,其理论基础是多粒度时空对象数据模型。为了确定多粒度时空对象数据模型的具体内容,需要确定描述多粒度时空对象特征的基本框架;为了开展多粒度时空对象的实际建模,需要明确多粒度时空对象数据模型的建模过程。为此,本文首先从数据模型、数据管理、可视化、空间分析和实际应用5个方面,分析了全空间信息系统与传统GIS的联系与区别,从空间范畴、动态变化、复杂关系、认知与行为、可视化技术、时空大数据分析6个方面,分析了传统GIS空间数据模型存在的不足;在此基础上,提出了多粒度时空对象的多粒度、多类型、多形态、多参照系、多元关联、多维动态、多能自主7个特点,确定了由时空参照、空间位置、空间形态、组成结构、关联关系、认知能力、行为能力和属性特征8项内容构成的多粒度时空对象数据模型描述框架;最后在分析了传统GIS空间数据模型建模过程的基础上,提出了多粒度时空对象数据模型的建模过程和思路。

The pan-spatial information system （PSIS） is a spatial information system that describes dynamic and complicated world from micro to macro perspective. Its theory is based on data model of spatio-temporal objects of multi- granularity. In order to determine the specific content of spatio- temporal object model of multi- granularity, the basic framework for illustrating the characteristic of spatio-temporal object of multi-granularity is required. In order to model spatio-temporal object of multi-granularity practically, the modelling process for the data model of spatio-temporal object of multi-granularity is required. Firstly, we analyze the relation and difference between the pan-spatial information system and the traditional GIS from five aspects： data model, data management, visualization, spatial analysis and practical application. Then, we analyze the shortcomings of spatial data model of traditional GIS from six aspects： space category, dynamic change, complex relation, cognition and behavior, visualization technology and analysis of spatio-temporal big data. We also put forward seven characters of spatio-temporal object of multi-granularity： multi-granularity, multi-type, multi-modality, multi-reference system, multi-association, multi-dimensional dynamic and multi-autonomous. We define the descriptive framework of data model of spatio-temporal object of multi-granularity consisting of spatio-temporal reference, spatial location, spatial morphology, composition structure, association relation, cognitive ability, behavioral ability and attribute characteristics. Finally, we put forward the modeling process and the idea of data model of spatio-temporal object of multi-granularity on the basis of the analysis of the modeling process of spatial data model of traditional GIS.