民族八省区生产效率及全要素生产率增长率分解——基于随机前沿模型的实证研究

Production Efficiency and Disintegration of Total Factor Productivity Growth Rate in the Eight Provinces of Ethnic Minority——An Empirical Study Based on Stochastic Frontier Model

我国经济社会发展进入"新常态",民族地区的发展面临着动力减弱的压力,因此研究民族地区经济增长动力中阻碍可持续发展的影响因素以及提出治理方法对缩小东西差距,实现小康社会具有重要意义。采用随机前沿模型,对2002年到2014年间民族八省区生产效率进行实证分析,并对全要素生产率增长率进行具体分类,研究分析各个组成部分,结果表明:存在技术进步显著但生产效率低下的增长矛盾,外溢式技术进步没有真正转化为内生性技术进步;粗放型的生产方式导致企业经营效益低下,阻碍产业集聚化发展,难以形成规模经济;劳动力和资本在各产业各行业之间的配置不合理,导致资源配置效率低下。上述分析结果对民族地区制定经济社会扶持政策具有一定的启示作用,即在促进技术进步的同时,使有限的资源用于提高企业管理水平、人力资源、教育等方面,提高生产效率;结合本地资源和民族文化优势,细分特色产业流程,进行专业化分工,建立社会化服务体系并建立有效的投融资机制;加强户籍制度改革并营造公平竞争的市场氛围,鼓励资本的自由流动等。

The motive power for the development of ethnic minority areas has been weakened under the'new normal'of economic and social development in China.So it is of great significance to study factors hindering sustainable development in the motive power for the development of ethnic minority areas and propose governance methods for narrowing the gap between the east and the west and achieving a well-off society.In this paper,a stochastic frontier model is used to carry out an empirical study for production efficiency in the eight provinces of national minorities from 2002to 2014and classify the TFP growth rate.The study results show that:(1)the overall technical level of ethnic minority areas has been improved but spillover technical progress has not really translated into endogenous technical progress,so that there is a contradiction of significant technical progress and low productivity growth;(2)the extensive production way of decentralized operation and low organization lowers operating efficiency of enterprises and hinders the development of industrial aggregation so that the scale economy is difficult to be formed;(3)labor and capital are unreasonably allocated in all industries so that resource allocation is inefficient.The above analysis results play an enlightening role in formulation of economic and social support policies in ethnic minority areas:limited resources are used for improving the level of management and education in enterprises to improve production efficiency while promoting technological progress;a social service system and an effective investment and financing mechanism are established by specialized division with prominent regional characteristics and segmented industry processes;the household registration system reform should be strengthened and a market atmosphere with fair competition should be created to encourage the free flow of capital.