纳米氧化锌在骨科中的应用前景

Application prospect of nano-zinc oxide in orthopedics surgery

置入物术后感染和骨折术后骨不连一直是骨科手术失败的主要原因。为了降低感染的风险,促进骨缺损区成骨活动,置入材料表面镀纳米氧化锌膜的研究比较多。目前体外和动物试验已证实纳米氧化锌抗菌性能和成骨活性优异,同时具有较好的生物相容性。纳米氧化锌在钛合金、多孔钽、羟基磷灰石晶须、骨肿瘤、骨水泥、抗菌敷料等骨科材料的应用充分展示了其优良的抗菌活性和成骨活性。但是纳米氧化锌临床研究较少,真正应用于骨科还需要更进一步的研究。未来还需要进一步明确纳米氧化锌在人体内的安全浓度以及有效浓度,保证其抗菌的安全性和有效性。本文对纳米氧化锌的作用机理、在骨科中的应用及其生物相容性进行综述。

Implant infection and nonunion of the fracture are the main causes of orthopedic surgery failure. For reducing the risk of infection and promoting osteogenic activity in bone defect area, nano-zinc oxide has been intensively investigated as coated material on the surface of implant in recent years. In vitro and animal experiments, it has been confirmed that nano-zinc oxide has good antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, so as to promote osteogenic activity. Therefore, nano-zinc oxide might be widely used in titanium alloy, porous tantalum, hydroxyapatite, bone cement,antibacterial dressing and other orthopedic materials. However, the paucity of the clinical research on nano zinc oxide impedes its real clinical application, such as the safety and the effective concentration in the human body are still not quite clear. In this article, the mechanism of nano-zinc oxide, its biocompatibility as well as application prospect in orthopedic surgery, are reviewed.