“新民说”与晚清白话文运动——1900年代的民粹主义辨析

“New Citizen Theory” and Vernacular Movement in Late Qing——A Discrimination on Populism in 1900s

清末"戊戌"之后梁启超提出"新民"说,民众以国民身份进入近代新型知识分子视野。晚清改良派与革命派对西方现代政治思想的译介与传播,极大地改变了近代知识分子的思想结构,其中民粹主义意识极大地影响了知识分子对启蒙和革命的接受与认同。无论改良派的"新民"启蒙还是革命派的"三民主义"均折射出民粹主义在其中的深刻影响。晚清"文学革命"作为政治思想启蒙的途径和方式,在某种程度上塑造了近现代文学的政治意识形态性,也塑造了晚清白话文的特殊品质。这种政治思想启蒙与晚清"文学革命"之间的互文性,传达了新型知识分子民族国家的焦虑与诉求,并为"五四"时期的"新文化运动"思想启蒙提供了前提和基础。

After the Reform Movement in 1898, Liang Qichao came up with New Citizen Theory, the importance of people are endowed as citizen came into intellectual＇s perspective. Reformative Group and Revolution Group indulged to translate and propagate Western modern political ideology, which change too much on the thought structure of modern intellectual. And the populism is the most important thought that cause them to accept enlightenment and revolution idea. Political thought of Reformers or Revolutionaries the Three People＇s Principles also reflect deep effect of populism. As a way of enlightening political ideology, Literary Revolution in late Qing formed modern ideology, to some extent. The intertextuality between political enlightenment and Literary Revolution, conveyed anxiety and appeal of new intellectual, laying the groundwork for ideology of enlightenment during New Culture Movement in May Fourth.