藏缅语“十”以下基数词的类型学特征

The typological characteristics of the cardinal number words smaller than “ten” in Tibeto-Burman languages

本文通过藏缅语的内外比较,揭示了藏缅语"十"以下基数词的4个类型学特征:词的音节结构存在3种不同类型;作为系数词与位数词组合时位置类型有多种;形态变化少,只有少数个体名量词不发达语言的基数词能重叠;"十"以下的基数词多为原始固有词,借用现象少。文章认为这些特征与藏缅语内部分析性的强弱有关。形态变化比较多的北部语群,多数语言"十"以下基数词的音节结构以双音节占优势,而南部语群多数语言"十"以下的基数词全是单音节的。

This paper gives a comprehensive comparison of Tibeto-Burman languages,and reveals the four typological features of the cardinal number words smaller than＂ten＂in this language group：there are three different types of syllabic structures;there are a variety of positions when used as coefficient words and number words simultaneously;there are fewer morphological changes,and only a small number of Tibeto-Burman languages with very few individual noun classifiers have the same cardinal number words;these cardinal number words are mostly original words rather than borrowings.It is concluded that these characteristics are related to the internal analytic features of these languages.As for most of the northern languages with more morphological changes,the cardinal number words smaller than＂ten＂are mostly bisyllabic,while the majority of the southern languages are monosyllabic.