西安城市绿地主要植物的滞尘效益探讨

Dust Retention Benefits of Main Plants in Xi'an Urban Green Space

指出了城市绿化植物在改善城市大气质量方面一个重要功能就是滞尘效应。在阐明不同季节西安市主要绿化植物单个植物叶片滞尘能力的基础上,对不同生长型植物在不同季节的滞尘能力进行了估算,并测定了不同季节、不同群落结构类型绿地的滞尘作用。研究表明:西安市大多数植物春夏两季植物滞尘能力较秋冬两季小,常绿乔灌木叶片单位面积滞尘能力普遍较高,单位叶片面积滞尘能力较大的前6种植物为油松、枇杷、悬铃木、石楠、榆叶梅、五裂地锦;不同生长型植物单株植物滞尘量一般表现为常绿乔木>藤本植物>常绿灌木>落叶乔木>落叶灌木>草本植物;5不同群落结构类型绿地对大气中总悬浮颗粒物的减小作用从大到小依次表现为常绿乔灌草型、落叶乔灌草型、常绿灌草型、落叶灌草型、草坪绿地。综合表明西安市在城市绿化过程中,应优先选择常绿乔灌植物和藤本植物,加强立体绿化。

The effect of dust retention is an important function of urban greening plants in improving urban air quality. The ability of dust retention in different seasons was clarified for the individual plants of main green plants at Xi＇ an. Meanwhile, the effects of different plant growth forms on the ability of dust retention in different seasons were estimated. And the effects of different community structure on dust retention in different seasons were determined. The results showed that： the dust retention ability of most plants in spring and summer was lower than that in autumn and winter. Generally, the ability of dust retention of evergreen and shrub was higher than other plant growth forms. The top 5 species for dust retention were Pinustabuliformis, Eriobotrya japonica, Platanusacerifolia, Photiniaserrulata, Amygdalustriloba and Parthenocissusquinquefolia. The individual plant of different growth form was usually list as evergreen trees 〉liana〉 evergreen shrubs 〉 deciduous trees〉 deciduous shrubs〉 herbaceous plants. Effects of five different community structure green space on the reduction of Total Suspended Particulates （TSP） in the Atmosphere was in the order of evergreen arbor-shrub-grass type, deciduous arbor-shrub-grass type, evergreen shrub-grass type, deciduous shrub-grass type and lawn. It showed that choosing evergreen plants and liana and strengthening the three-dimensional greening were priority in the process of urban greening in Xi＇ an.