重庆市某天然气制乙炔企业职业病危害因素及其关键控制点分析

Analysis on occupational hazard factors and critical control points in an acetylene production from natural gas enterprise in Chongqing

目的识别、分析重庆市某天然气制乙炔企业的职业病危害因素,确定其职业病危害的关键控制点。方法采用现场卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测检验方法。结果存在的主要职业病危害因素为噪声、高温、炭黑粉尘、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、二氧化硫和硫化氢。噪声检测结果显示加热炉、真空鼓风机、乙炔炉、电除尘器、压缩机、泵类的噪声强度大于国家标准限值,个体噪声共检测9人次,8 h等效声级最大值为83.6 dB(A),作业场所中的粉尘和化学毒物检测浓度均低于国家限值标准。结论天然气脱硫、乙炔反应和炭黑分离装置作为天然气制乙炔企业的职业病危害关键控制点,应通过加强关键控制点的职业病危害防治和应急救援处置,降低职业病危害,保护劳动者健康。

[Objective]To identify and analyze the occupational hazard factors in acetylene production from natural gas enter-prise,and determine the critical control points of occupational hazards.[Methods]The occupational health field survey and occupational hazard detection were adopted.[Results] The main occupational hazard factors in the enterprise included noise,high temperature,black carbon dust,carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Noise testing results showed that noise intensities of heating furnace,vacuum blower,acetylene furnace,electric dust catcher,compressor and pump were greater than 85 d B（A）. Totally 9 person-times were detected for the individual noise,and the maximum value of equivalent sound level to a nominal 8 h working day was 83.6 dB（A）. The concentrations of dust and chemical poisons in the workplace were lower than the national limits.[Conclusion]Gas desulfurization,acetylene reaction and carbon black separation device are the critical control points of occupational hazards in acetylene production from natural gas enterprise. It is necessary to strengthen the occu-pational hazard prevention and emergency rescue of critical control points to reduce occupational hazards and protect laborers＇ health.