随州市接触职业病有害因素作业工人上岗前健康状况

Pre-service health status among workers exposed to occupational hazard factors in Suizhou City

目的了解上岗前工人健康状况,为进一步开展职业健康监护工作和针对性地采取预防措施提供科学依据。方法对随州市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所体检中心2015—2016年接触职业病有害因素作业的2 236例上岗前工人体格检查资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2 236名上岗前工人检出高血压514人(22.99%),肝功能异常332人(14.85%),血常规异常258人(11.54%),尿常规异常205人(9.17%),高仟伏X线胸片异常143人(6.40%),心电图异常97人(4.34%),肝脏B超异常55人(2.46%),肺功能异常29人(1.33%),电测听异常61人(26.87%),并发现粉尘、苯系物和噪声职业禁忌证。高血压、血常规、肝脏B超、高仟伏X线胸片、电测听和肺功能异常检出率在上岗前有无接触有害因素的人群间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高血压、心电图、血尿常规、肝功能、高仟伏X线胸片和电测听异常检出率在不同年龄组中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而在1 247名上岗前有接触职业有害因素的工人中,高血压、心电图、血常规和高仟伏X线胸片异常检出率在不同年龄组中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论上岗前工人常见异常情况位居前5位的依次是高血压、肝功能异常、血常规异常、尿常规异常、高仟伏X线胸片,高血压、肺结核是严重危害随州市工矿企业上岗前职工主要疾病,发现上岗前职业禁忌证主要以粉尘、苯系物和噪声为主,应采取积极有效干预措施。

[Objective]To investigate the health status of pre-service workers,provide a scientific basic for further implementing occupational health surveillance and taking targeted preventive health measures.[Methods]The pre-service medical examination data of 2 236 workers exposed to occupational hazard factors during 2015-2016 were collected from the Medical Examination Center of Occupational Disease Prevention Department of Suizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and analyzed with descriptive epidemiology method.[Results] Among 2 236 workers receiving the pre-service medical examination,there were514（22.99%）cases of hypertension,332（14.85%）cases of liver function abnormalities,258（11.54%）cases of routine blood test abnormalities,205（9.17%） cases of routine urine test abnormalities,143（6.40%） cases of high-KV chest radiograph abnormalities,97（4.34%） cases of electrocardiogram abnormalities,55（2.46%） cases of liver B-mode ultrasonography abnormalities,29（1.33%）cases of pulmonary function abnormalities and 61（26.87%）cases of audiometry abnormalities,while the occupational contraindications to dust,benzene series and noise were found. The differences in detection rates of hypertension,routine blood test abnormalities,liver B-mode ultrasonography abnormalities,high-KV chest radiograph abnorma-lities,audiometry abnormalities and pulmonary function abnormalities were statistically significant between workers with and without pre-service exposure to harmful factors（P 0.05）. The differences in detection rates of hypertension,electrocardiogram abnormalities,routine blood and urine test abnormalities,liver function abnormalities,high-KV chest radiograph abnormalities and audiometry abnormalities were statistically significant among age groups（P〈0.05）. Among 1 247 workers who have been exposed to occupational hazard factors before beginning work,there were statistically significant differences in detection rates of hypertension,electrocardiogram abnormalities,routine blo od test abnormalities and high-KV chest radiograph abnormalities among age groups（P 0.05）.[Conclusion]The top five common abnormalities of pre-service workers are hypertension,liver function abnormalities,routine blood test abnormalities,routine urine test abnormalities,and high-KV chest radiograph abnormalities. Hypertension and tuberculosis are the major diseases that seriously endanger the health of pre-service workers in industrial and mining enterprises of Suizhou City. The pre-service occupational contraindications mainly include dust,benzene series and noise. It is necessary to take the effective behavior intervention measures.