动车组司机工作压力测评

Occupational stress evaluation for drivers of Electric Multiple Units

目的获取动车组司机工作压力测评指标并编制"动车组司机工作压力调查问卷",探究该职业人群的工作压力现状及相应的测评标准,提出组织层面的工作压力疏导策略。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取16名动车组司机作为访谈对象,利用编码分析法筛选出动车组司机的工作压力测评指标。参照症状自评量表(SCL-90)编制工作压力测评问卷,并对850名司机进行工作压力现状调查。结果动车组司机的工作压力测评指标由躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、紧张反应、工作家庭冲突6个因子构成。统计分析结果显示问卷的信度较好,内部一致性Cronbach'sα系数为0.958,各维度的α系数为0.727~0.925;验证性因子分析结果显示数据拟合良好,测评模型的拟合优度指数(GFI)=0.852,比较拟合指数(CFI)=0.937,规范拟合指数(NFI)=0.815,近似误差均方根(RMSEA)=0.063。结论修订后的量表具有良好的信度和效度。动车组司机工作压力水平显著高于全国成年人常模,建议铁路管理部门依据员工援助计划进一步疏导职工工作压力。

[Objective]To get the occupational stress evaluation indexes of drivers of the Electric Multiple Units（EMU）,design the Occupational stress questionnaire for EMU drivers,investigates the current situation of occupational stress and the evaluation criteria of this population,and put forward the strategy of pressure release at the organizational level.[Methods]16 EMU drivers were collected as the interview objects by random samples,and the coding analysis method was used to screen the occupational stress evaluation indexes. The occupational stress evaluation questionnaire was formulated on the basis of the symptom checklist90（SCL-90）,and 850 EMU drivers were investigated on their current situation of occupational stress.[Results]The occupational stress evaluation indexes for EMU driver were composed of 6 dimensions,including somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,nervousness,and work family conflict. Statistical analysis results showed that the questionnaire has good reliability,the Cronbach＇s coefficient（α） of total scale was 0.958,and the coefficients of dimensions were between 0.727 and0.925. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the data were well fitted,the good fit index（GFI） was 0.852,comparative fit index（CFI）was 0.937,normed fit index（NFI）was 0.815,and root mean square error approximation（RMSEA）was 0.063.[Conclusion]The revised questionnaire has good reliability and validity. The occupational stress level of EMU drivers is significantly higher than the national norm,and it is recommends that the railway management departments should ease the pressure on staff in accordance with the method of Employee Assistance Program（EAP）.