城市供水产业民营化改革的竞争效应

The Competitive Effect of Privatization Reform of Urban Water-Supply Industry

规制改革无疑解决了中国城市供水产业的投资短缺等问题,但是改革对企业的运行效率产生什么样的影响,仍未可知。本文依托企业层面数据对中国城市供水产业规制改革的趋势、市场竞争程度等问题给出了较为系统的基本描述,并在此基础上探究放松规制的民营化对企业生产率的影响。研究发现,如果对不同所有制类型企业的生产率进行直接比较可得到外资企业生产率最高,国有企业生产率最低。进一步研究发现,放松规制的民营化有利于整体企业的生产率提高,但上述差异并非完全由放松规制导致,还受产业发展共同趋势的影响。研究还发现,放松规制的民营化对国有企业规模产生显著地抑制作用,阻碍其生产率提高。本文认为,坚持开放推动城市供水产业发展,同时加强规制依然是未来中国城市供水产业规制改革重要方向。

The regulation reform undoubtedly solves the problem of the lack of investment of Chinese urban water-supply industry, but the impact on the operational efficiency of the enterprise is still unknown.Based on the firm-level data, the paper gave systematic descriptions on the issues of the trend of regulation reform of Chinese urban water-supply industry and the degree of market competition, on this basis to explore the impact of privatization trend under the background of deregulation on the productivity of the enterprises.The paper found that the productivity of the foreign-owned enterprises is the highest while the state-owned enterprises is the lowest if we make a direct comparison among the productivity of the enterprises of differentownership types.Further study showed that the pr ivatization reform in deregulation is beneficial to the improvement of the overall enterprises productivity. The difference above is not entirely caused by the deregulation reform, but also affected by the common trend of industrial development. In addition, the paper discovered that the privatization reform in deregulation has a significant inhibitory effect on the scale of the stateowned enterprises and inhibits the productivity improvement through competitive effects. This paper holds that keep opening up and strengthen regulation reform is still the important direction for urban water supply industry in China.