“安全第一”的逻辑思辨

为了诠释多年来很多人和组织在践行"安全第一"方针中出现的言行不一行为,更好处理安全与生产之间出现的矛盾,提高企业安全生产水平,本文运用历史唯物主义和逻辑思维方法,考证了"安全第一"的由来及特征,分析了人和组织的多种需求与行为、安全的属性和矛盾及其协同方法等问题。研究得出:当年提出的"安全第一"带有一定的政治运动色彩和时代特征,在工业化初期和事故高发时期,强调"安全第一"的思想发挥了重要的作用;"安全第一"不是具体的工作方法,而是一种选择、原则、意愿或理念,不能机械地理解和执行"安全第一";"安全第一"不是从科学层面提出的,而是从实践经验得来的,在生产中不可避免地会与实际工作发生冲突;人和组织同时都有多种多样的需求和行为,个人或组织可以根据安全的状态和各种需求的紧迫性采取相对合理的优先行为;"安全第一"很难用标准尺度来衡量,在实际工作中需要科学灵活地处理安全与生产的对立统一关系,克服片面性,"+安全"思维是践行"安全第一"的最好途径和做法。

To deal with the contradictions between safety and production and improve work safety level, the behavior of which many people and organizations＂ claims are often inconsistent with their actions in the practice of ＂Safety First＂ policy over the years was interpreted. The original history and characteristics of ＂Safety First＂ were investigated by using the historical materialism and the logical thinking method. The questions and contradictions of various needs and behaviors of people and organizations were analyzed. Also the cooperation methods for work safety were proposed. The research results show that the ＂Safety First＂ given at that time has the political color and the feature of the times. In the early stage of industrializa- tion and in the period of high accidents, the ＂Safety First＂ thought played an important role. In fact, ＂Safety First＂ is not an operating method of accident prevention, but a human＇s selection, principle, intention or idea. So ＂Safety First＂ cannot be understood mechanically and applied. Since ＂Safety First＂ is not obtained by scientific method, but from the practical experience, the conflict will occur inevitably when it is used in the production and the actual work. Since human and organizations also have diverse needs and behaviors, individuals or organizations can take a relatively reasonable priority behavior according to the urgency of the safety status and various needs. When human and organizations conduct the policy of ＂Safety First＂, it is difficult to have a standard to measure. In practice, high flexibility is necessary to handle the relationship between the safety and production, and one-sided view should be overcome. At last it was pointed out that the thought of ＋Safety during all activities of individuals or organizations is the best way to vractice ＂Safety First＂.