贸易自由化与企业性别就业差距——基于中国微观企业数据的分析

Trade Liberalization and Firms' Gender Employment Gap:Based on China's Micro-level Enterprises Database

在我国性别就业差距持续扩大的背景下,文章基于2004~2007年进口关税数据和中国工业企业数据库,实证检验了贸易自由化对企业性别就业差距的影响。发现:(1)中间品贸易自由化扩大了企业性别就业差距,而最终品贸易自由化降低了性别就业差距,从回归系数看,贸易自由化总体上加剧了性别就业歧视;(2)贸易自由化对性别就业差距的影响因企业所有制、出口状态和要素密集度的不同而具有显著的异质性;(3)进一步的研究表明,贸易自由化对性别就业差距的影响与产业结构变化和地区制度环境有关。

Under the background of constant expansion of gender employment gap in China, this paper empirically investigates the effects of trade liberalization on firm gender employment gap by using the highly disaggregated tariff data and firm- level micro data from 2004 to 2007. We find that： input tariff reduction significantly expands firms＇ gender employment gap, while output tariff reduction reduces gender employment gap, trade liberalization in- tensified gender employment discrimination as a whole, and the result is robust. The effects of trade liberalization on gender employment gap are significantly different depending on firm ownership, export status andfactor intensity. Further research shows that the relationship between trade liberalization and gender employment gap influenced by industrial structure and institutional environment. Our results provide a new perspective to correctly judge the efficiency of trade liberalization policy.