国际投资仲裁机构对涉环境国际争端的管辖:主导与协调

The Jurisdiction of International Investment Arbitration Institutions over the International Disputes Revolving around the Environment: Domination and Coordination

鉴于强制性的国际环境争端解决机构的匮乏以及解决机制的乏力,绝大多数国际环境争端通过依附于贸易、人权、投资问题而在WTO争端解决机构、人权机构以及国际投资仲裁机构中得以解决。国际投资仲裁机构解决的涉环境争端数量最多,作为实体法依据的投资条约中有更为实质性的环境规则,且投资仲裁大多在环境损害尚未发生时即告启动。国际投资仲裁并对国际环境法的硬法化和风险预防原则有特殊贡献。国际投资仲裁机构应当主导涉环境国际争端,并注重对涉环境争端管辖权进行协调以防止国际环境法的进一步碎片化。

In view of lack of mandatory international environmental dispute settlement bodies and the weakness of these settlement mechanisms, the vast majority of international environmental disputes have been resolved through WTO＇s DSB, human rights organizations and international investment arbitration institutions attached to trade, human rights and in- vestment issues. International investment arbitration institutions have resolved the largest number of environmental disputes. As the basis of substantive law, the investment treaties have more substantial environmental rules. Most of the investment arbitrations have started before environmental damages occurred. International investment arbitration has special contribution to turning international environment law to hard law. It will help to develop the principle of risk prevention. International investment arbitration institutions shall take the lead in the international disputes revolving around the environment. They shall pay attention to coordinate environmental disputes jurisdiction to prevent further fragmentation of interna- tional environmental law.