临产孕妇对椎管内分娩镇痛的认知及其影响因素

The cognition of intraspinal labor analgesia of women in labor and its influencing factors

目的调查分析临产孕妇对椎管内分娩镇痛(intraspinal labor analgesia,ILA)的认知及影响因素。方法选择2015年5月—9月进入四川大学华西第二医院产房待产的临产孕妇322例,采用问卷调查形式调查临产孕妇的一般情况、妊娠状态,以及临产孕妇对产痛的认识、对ILA了解认知情况和影响因素,问答结束后由调查者向其介绍ILA的知识,然后再次调查确定其选择ILA意愿变化情况。结果在临床孕妇中,清楚了解ILA的仅占22.67%,听说过但不了解的占53.42%;愿意选择的占49.38%。经过调查者对ILA知识的介绍后ILA选择意愿明显增加至81.89%,与介绍前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在影响因素中,临产孕妇对ILA的认知度及选择意愿主要与对分娩疼痛的家庭认知理念有关。结论临产孕妇对ILA的认知度不高、选择意愿不强,家庭认知理念是重要影响因素之一,入院待产后对临产孕妇及其家人宣教可显著增加对分娩镇痛的选择率。

Objective To investigate and analyze the cognition of intraspinal labor analgesia （ILA） of women in labor and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 322 women in labor in West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University between May and September 2015 were investigated by questionnaire, which included the general situation, the pregnancy status, the understanding for labor pain, and the cognition of ILA. Investigator introduced the knowledge of ILA to them after the investigation, and then they were re-investigated for the choice of ILA. Results Only 22.67% of these women in labor knowed ILA clearly, 53.42% heared it but did not understand, and 49.38% liked to use it. The proportion of women in labor who liked to use it increased to 81.89% after introduction, and the difference was significant （P〈0.001）. Among all factors, the acknowledgement level of ILA and the choice to use it were mainly related to the family awareness concept for labor pain. Conclusions The cognition of ILA of women in labor is not enough, and their using desire is not strong. The family awareness concept is one of the important factors. The education and advertise to the women in labor and their family members after admiting to labor room can increase the choice rate of ILA significantly.