基于物质流分析的区域经济系统环境效率评价

Environmental efficiency evaluation of regional economic systems based on material flow analysis

为了对中国31省市自治区经济系统的物质利用效率,以及污染物排放与经济发展的关系进行研究,本文利用物质流分析方法和环境库兹涅茨曲线计量模型,研究了中国1995-2014年31省市自治区的物质流动状况,并将之同各研究区的经济发展指标相结合,对各地区物质流动与经济增长之间的脱钩关系进行考察,对各省市自治区生态压力指标的环境库兹涅茨曲线存在性进行检验。结果表明:研究期内,各省市自治区物质输入量与输出量不断增加,物质消耗效率的提升状况要明显优于废弃物排放的减少。在多数情况下,经济增长同物质投入或废弃物排放实现了相对"脱钩",部分地区生态压力指标的环境库兹涅茨曲线存在。总的来说,各省市自治区并没有转变已有的线性物质流动模式。

In order to analyze the material utilization efficiency and influence of pollutant emissions on economic systems,material flow analysis and Environmental Kuznets curve were used for 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China. First,based on EU guidelines for material flow and panel data of actual conditions for 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 1995-2014,we compared material reduction indexes at a regional level in order to evaluate the level of economic sustainable development and corresponding environmental efficiency. Then we used material reduction indexes to build a model of China＇s environmental Kuznets curve in order to empirically test the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve. We found that during the study period,the material input and output size of each province and autonomous region increased continuously. The improvement of the efficiency of material consumption was significantly better than the reduction in waste emissions. In most cases,the relationship between economic growth and material input or waste emissions achieved decoupling. Material utilization efficiency and reductions in waste emissions have been improved in China. However,all provinces and autonomous regions have not altered the existing linear material flow pattern. Only by transforming existing linear material flow patterns and establishing industrial economic systems for the closed cycle of material energy,can China realize the coordinated development of the environment and economy.