马克思恩格斯的民族主义观

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' Nationalism View

马克思主义经典作家对于民族主义的完整立场是批判、借助和吸纳,这在马克思和恩格斯那里已表现得非常鲜明。他们对"狭隘的民族主义感情"和"利己的民族主义情绪"的批评,对"民族沙文主义"和"泛斯拉夫主义"的揭露和批判,对1848年革命、波兰、爱尔兰和亚洲民族运动的支持等,都贯穿着这一点。然而,无论批判还是借助吸纳经典作家始终着眼的都是无产阶级革命这一根本利益。反对民族压迫,推动建立和维护统一的民族国家是19世纪中期欧洲资产阶级民主革命的中心环节,也是无产阶级革命的时代使命。马克思恩格斯一分为二对待民族主义的态度,决不能视其为机会主义,因为马克思恩格斯关于民族主义的论述始终坚守的是无产阶级革命立场,也始终充溢着社会正义和人类道义。无产阶级可以与民族主义有合作、有借助,但绝不能丧失自己的立场、放弃根本的阶级利益,这在马克思恩格斯那里做得无可挑剔。

Classic Marxist writers'comprehensive standpoint of nationalism was to criticize,use and absorb,which was apparent in Marx and Engel's writings.This standpoint was embodied through their criticism of'narrow nationalism feeling','selfish nationalism emotion',and their revealing and criticizing of'national chauvinism','Pan-Slavism',as well as their support for 1848 revolution and for Polish,Irish and Asian national movements.However,no matter criticizing,using or absorbing,classic writers always had in mind the fundamental interest of proletariat revolution.Against national oppression,promotion for establishing and sustaining nation-state was the central part of Bourgeois democratic revolution in middle of the 19th century Europe,also the times mission of proletariat revolution.Marx and Engels'dichotomy attitude to nationalism absolutely couldn't be seen as opportunism,for their views of nationalism was always on the sides of proletariat revolution,and full of social justice and human morality.Proletariat can cooperate and use nationalism,but absolutely can not lose their own stand,and forsake fundamental classic interest,which was impeccable in Marx and Engels.