青海三江源自然保护区马麝栖息地适宜性评价

Habitat Suitability Assessment of Musk Deer(Moschus sifanicus)in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve,Qinghai Province

2008年6月-9月采用样方法对青海三江源自然保护区马麝(Moschus sifanicus)栖息地进行调查,2012年借助地理信息系统技术(GIS),选择海拔、人为干扰距离、土地覆盖3个生态因子,利用栖息地适宜性指数(HSI)对青海三江源自然保护区马麝栖息地进行评价。结果表明,青海三江源自然保护区马麝适宜栖息地面积为6 089.63km^2,较适宜栖息地面积为5 204.44km^2,不适宜栖息地面积为141 047.93km^2,三者占比依次为4.00%、3.42%和92.58%。从空间分布情况来看,适宜栖息地主要分布于保护区东部果洛州以及南部玉树州生境条件较好且人为活动干扰较低的区域,不适宜栖息地主要分布于保护区中部的人为活动干扰较高区域及西部荒漠区。适宜生境的破碎是限制三江源自然保护区马麝种群恢复的重要因素,建议加强马麝栖息地保护,降低人为活动干扰,促进其种群健康发展。

Habitat evaluation has an important significance for management of wildlife populations and conservation planning.In this study,based on the data on habitat used by musk deer in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve from June to September of 2008,which was investigated by quadrate method,we used habitat suitability index model and geographic information system technology（GIS）to assess the suitability of the habitat for musk deer in 2012.Elevation,human disturbance and land cover were selected as factors for habitat suitability assessment.The results showed that the areas of suitable,subsuitable and unsuitable habitat were 6 089.63km^2,5 204.44km^2 and 141 047.93km^2,respectively,accounting for 4.00%,3.42% and 92.58% of the total area.Suitable habitat was mainly located in Guoluo Prefecture and Yushu Prefecture,the eastern and southern of Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve,respectively,in which the vegetation condition is better and human activity is lower,and unsuitable habitat was mainly located in the central and desert region in the western of Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve,where has high-frequency human activities and harsh environments.Habitat fragmentation might be the main limiting factors for population recovery of musk deer in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve,we suggest that it is very important to take reasonable measures to manage and reduce human disturbance.