基于社会技术转型理论的海绵城市构建研究

The Analysis of Sponge City's Building from Sociotechnical Transition View

兼顾就地滞洪、减少雨洪灾害、控制非点源污染、资源化利用雨水、美化城市环境等多个目标的可持续雨洪管理系统是建设海绵城市的核心。这个系统的建设意味着从传统城市雨水管网系统的社会技术转型。参照澳大利亚的发展过程,研究显示在海绵城市发展前我国城市大多数还处于"城市高效排水控制阶段",并在国家大力推行之后迅速进入了"快速发展阶段"。海绵城市建设中的可持续雨洪管理系统转化依赖于社会技术体制主导的发展路径。我国的大量推广对这个发展路径非常有利,但同时也会伴随快速发展中的问题。通过比较分析发现,政府在这个转化过程中应该从宏观到微观三个层面承担更多的角色,从进一步构建社会大环境、创新管理机构和社会技术体制、促进机构合作和研究、加强公众教育与宣传等方面入手,全面推动城市可持续雨洪管理的迅速转化。

Sustainable storm water management system with multi-target of rainwater detention, reducing stormwater disasters, controlling non-point source pollution, utilization of rainwater, and urban visual quality improvement are core parts of sponge cities. It also means a sociotechology system transition from the traditional rainwater system. According to the development process of Australia, our cities are at the stage of drained cities, in the takeoff stage of transition before sponge cities. Since Chinese government advocated sponge cities, a lot of cities implement leap-forward development into the stable and quickly development stage. On one hand it is good. The sociotechnology system transition relies on the regime transformation path. One the other hand, the leap-forward development has side effects. With the analyses in the view of sociotechnical transition, government should take the responsibility of carrying on system innovation, building knowledge and relationship, improving public education to promote the transition of city sustainable stormwater management system which is very important for the sponge cities.