中国城市市政基础设施投资效率及对经济增长的影响

Evaluating the efficiency of urban municipal public facilities and its influence on economic development in China

城市市政公用基础设施的建设对经济的发展有着重要的影响,基础设施投入产出效率问题已经引起了众多学者的关注,因而对市政公用基础设施效率的研究具有重要的现实意义。利用DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数,对2005-2014年中国290个城市市政设施的投入产出效率进行了评价并分析其对经济增长的影响。结果表明:(1)中国城市市政公用基础设施综合效率水平差异较大,且仅有少数城市达到了效率最优。城市市政基础设施的纯技术效率总体偏低并呈缓慢增加趋势。规模效率增长较快,且高于城市综合效率和纯技术效率,是综合效率最重要的决定因素。(2)东部地区城市基础设施综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均高于其他区域,呈现出由东部沿海向中西部地区递减的趋势,且与人口规模呈现正相关。(3)2005-2014年城市综合效率变化指数、技术变化效率指数、纯技术效率变化指数以及生产率变化指数呈增长趋势,且空间差异特征不显著。(4)城市全要素生产率在不同规模的城市中均有提升,且大城市的提高程度大于小城市,小城市大于中等城市。此外,通过多元线性回归模型发现城市基础设施效率的提高对经济增长有着积极的意义。

As a key component in China＇s urbanization development, municipal public infra- structure plays an important role in socio-economic development. Therefore, it is necessary for Chinese decision makers to examine municipal public infrastructure investment efficiency, so as to address the issue of sustainable socioeconomic development. Based on the DEA model and Malmquist index model, this study evaluates the efficiency of municipal public infrastruc- ture and its influence on the economic development in 290 Chinese cities during 2005-2014. The main results are as follows： （1） there existed apparent differences in the comprehensive technical efficiencies （CTE） of municipal public infrastructure in Chinese cities, and only a few cities achieved the DEA efficiency. The pure technical efficiency （PTE） was generally at a low level and showed a slowly increasing trend. The scale efficiency （SE） increased substantially from 2005 to 2014. Notably, SE was higher than CTE and PTE, and was the most important in- fluencing factors of CTE; （2） according to the four-region division of Chinese cities, the CTE, PTE, and SE of the cities in eastern region were higher than those in other regions. Generally, there existed a decreasing trend in the efficiencies of the cities from eastern China to central and western China. Furthermore, the efficiencies of Chinese municipal public infrastructure were positively correlated with the population size of cities in 2005, 2010 and 2014; （3） the Malmquist index results indicate that there existed a changing trend in CTE, PE, PTE, and TFP, whereas there was no significant spatial difference; （4） there existed an increasing trend of TFP in the cities at all scales. The cities of larger scales enjoyed a higher level of TFP increase than those of smaller scales. In addition, the results of multivariate linear regression analysis show that the improvement of municipal public infrastructure efficiency had a positive influence on the economic growth of Chinese cities.