食物因素对桔小实蝇表皮碳氢化合物的影响

Influences of food factors on cuticular hydrocarbons of Bactrocera dorsalis adults

桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis是为害园艺作物的重要检疫性害虫。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,分析了取食3种寄主植物杨桃、番石榴和芒果的桔小实蝇雄成虫表皮碳氢化合物组成和含量,并以人工饲料饲养作为对照进行了比较。结果表明,4种食物源的桔小实蝇共含有42种表皮碳氢化合物,其碳原子数为C29-C37,主要为正构烷烃、一甲基烷烃和二甲基烷烃。取食杨桃、番石榴和芒果桔小实蝇表皮碳氢化合物种类分别为人工饲料的99.3%、91.4%和98.3%,4种食物源的桔小实蝇表皮碳氢化合物种类基本相同,主成分分析和判别分析可从含量上将各食物源的桔小实蝇区分开。不同食物源引起的差异体现在物质的含量上,而主要的组分种类相对稳定,说明食物因素不影响利用表皮碳氢化合物进行桔小实蝇种的鉴定。因此可提取种内共有物质作为种的特征峰,建立不同食物条件下桔小实蝇的指纹图谱,为检验检疫过程中实蝇种类的鉴定提供数据支持。

The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis is an important quarantine pest which can damage fruit and vegetable. Cuticular hydrocarbons obtained from male adults of B. dorsalis reared on different kinds of foods,Averrhoa carambola,Psidium guajava,Mangifera indica and artificial diet were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry（ GC-MS） technology. Total of 42 cuticular hydrocarbon components,ranging from C29 to C37, were recovered by gas chromatography that represented major classes of n-alkanes,methylalkanes and dimethylalkanes. The cuticular hydrocarbon components obtained from B.dorsalis reared on A. carambola,P. guajava and M. indica account for 99. 3%,91. 4% and 98. 3%,as compared with the check artificial diet respectively. Chemometric methods（ such as principal component analysis（ PCA） and discriminant analysis（ DA）） were applied to the obtained data. We found some differences in relative percentage contents of components,but the cuticular hydrocarbons profiles of B.dorsalis reared on different kinds of foods showed great similarities,suggesting that food factors did not affect the identification of B. dorsalis. The characteristic peaks were identified and their GC-MS fingerprints were established,the findings generated from this study provided a data support for species identification of fruit fly during border inspection and quarantine.