魏晋南北朝文论中的隐与显

“Implication” and “Explicitness” in the Literary Theory of Wei Jin and Southern-Northern Dynasties

"隐"和"显"是中国古代诗歌的两种审美形态。在外在形式上,"隐"是单纯质朴的,而"显"是鲜明华丽的;在内在意蕴上,"隐"是蕴含丰富深厚的,而"显"是意义单纯明确的。阮籍和陶渊明的作品表现出"隐"的特征,刘勰和钟嵘则在理论上对"隐"的内涵有所揭示,但魏晋南北朝时期的审美理想并不是"隐",而是显性的"风骨"、"风力"。刘勰所说"隐秀"的主要意义相当于"隐显"。很多学者把"隐秀"理解成同一审美对象或同一作品的内在意蕴和外在表现,这是一种误解。"隐"和"秀"指的是同一层面的两个对象或两种形态,而不是是同一个对象的内外两个层面。也就是说,"隐"和"秀",指的是两个审美对象或两种作品的不同形态或特征。

＂Implication＂and ＂Explicitness＂are two aesthetic forms of chinese classical poems.In outward manifestation,＂Implication＂means simple and pure,and＂Explicitness＂means bright and gorgeous.In the sense of connotation,＂Implication＂means rich and profound,and＂Explicitness＂means clear and definite.The works of Ran Ji and Tao Yuanming show the characteristic of＂Implication＂,and Liu Xie and Zhong Rong reveal partly the meaning of＂Implication＂,but the aesthetic ideal of Wei,Jin and Southern-Northern Dynasties is not＂Implication＂but the strength of character.＂Yin and Xiu＂in Liu Xie＇s thouht roughly corresponds to＂Implication and Explicitness＂,so＂Yin and Xiu＂denotes two different characteristics of two objects but not one object＇s form and content.No matter expressing the emotion or depicting the scenery,it may manifests the characteristic of＂Implication＂or＂Explicitness＂.