TTIP背景下中国和美国农产品在欧盟市场的竞争关系分析

Analysis on Competition Between China and the USA on Agricultural Products in the EU Market Under Background of TTIP

运用出口产品相似度指数和显示性比较优势指数,分析中美两国农产品在欧盟市场竞争关系,为中国应对TTIP压力、制定对欧盟的农产品贸易政策提供参考。研究表明,中美两国欧盟市场农产品结构差异较大,不存在激烈竞争,但竞争程度略有上升;中国具有比较优势产品多为劳动力密集型,但优势地位正逐步减弱;美国农产品比较优势总体优于中国。因此,若TTIP协议谈判成功,中国劳动力密集型农产品比较优势会进一步下降,而技术和资本密集型产品将更不具备同美国产品竞争的比较优势。鉴于此,中国应继续扩大劳动力密集型产品贸易,提升农产品质量;加强"一带一路"建设,降低中欧间贸易成本;积极研究TTIP协定谈判中的农业条款,为制定自贸区战略提供参考借鉴。

The competitive relationship of agricultural products between China and the USA in EU＇s market was analyzed by using Export Similarity Index （ESI） and Revealed Competitiveness Advantage Index （RCA）. Some recommendations were provided for China to make relevant agricuhural trade polices with the EU and deal with the stress of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership （TTIP）. The study found that there was a big difference in EV market on agricultural products＇ structure between China and the USA, so there existed no fierce competition; however, the degree of competition was increasing. China had more comparative advantages in labor intensive products, but the advantages were weakening. The comparative advantages of agricultural products of the USA were better than those of China. Therefore, if the negotiation of TrIP agreements reached a success, China＇s comparative advantages in labor intensive products would further decrease, with no more advantages in technology and capital intensive products to compete with the USA. The research recommended that China should continue to expand the trade of labor intensive products and improve the qualities of agricultural products; the ＂One-Belt-One-Road＂ construction should be strengthened to lower the trade cost between China and the EU; the agricuhural terms in the negotiation of TrIP agreement should be carefully studied to make a reference for free trade zone strategy.