“亨廷顿之忧”发出了一个严重的警示

“Huntington's Worry” Sounded a Stern Warning

亨廷顿在其最后著作《我们是谁?》中,看到苏联解体、英国"有了分崩离析之势"时,不禁为美国是否会出现同样的情况而深深地忧虑。这样一个具有特定内涵的"亨廷顿之忧",抓住了民族国家作为一种保障民族认同国家的制度机制的要害——民族国家合法性根本上来自于民族对国家的认同,进而对民族国家发出了一个严重的警示。为保障民族认同国家而构建的制度机制之所以会引出国家认同问题,甚至导致国家认同危机,是因为民族国家在发展中遇到了"多族化"问题。正是这样的"多族化"现象,侵蚀了曾经屡试不爽的那些实现和保障国家认同的制度机制,成为了国家认同危机的温床。苏联从建立到解体的过程,完整地演绎了"多族化"引起国家认同问题,严重的国家认同危机最终导致国家分裂的逻辑,从而触发了"亨廷顿之忧"。中国作为一个民族国家,在这样的现实面前也无法置身事外,只有把巩固国家认同的内容纳入到民族政策的政治标的,并以此来对相关政策进行校准和重塑,方能规避"亨廷顿之忧"。

In his last workWho Are We？ , Samuel Phillips Huntington saw the Soviet Union in disintegration and Britain in danger of failing apart. He could not help showing deep concern about whether the same thing would happen to the United States. With its special connotations, Hungtington＇s worry gets to the core of the nation-state as an institutional mechanism to guarantee national identity, i. e. the legitimacy of a nation-state is fundamentally derived from the peoples＇ identification with the state. His worry thus has issued a strong warning to nation-states. The institutional mechanism, which has been established to guarantee identification with the nation-state, may lead to problems about na- tional identity and even cause the crisis of national identity because of the multi-ethnic problem in the development of the nation-state. It is the multi-ethnic phenomenon that has eroded those longstanding effective institutional mechanisms for the realization and preservation of the national identity and has become the hotbed of identity crisis. How the Soviet Union went from establishment to disintegration has fully illustrated the problems about national identity caused by multi nationalities. The logic that serious national identity crisis will eventually lead to the split of the country has thus triggered ＂ Huntington＇s Worry＂. As a nation state, China has to face this reality, too. Only by integrating the objectives of strengthening national identity into the political goals of the national policies and correspondingly adjus- ting and reshaping the relevant policies can we free ourselves from ＂ Huntington＇s Worry＂.