身“体”与意“识”:中西方绘画的写实方式

Experiencing with Body vs. Understanding with Consciousness: Different Ways of Achieving Realism in Chinese and Western Paintings

20世纪以来,在物质救国的紧迫形势下,理论界逐渐形成了"西画写实,中国画写意"的误判,遮蔽了中国画的写实成分,尤其是中国画的写实方式。实际上,写实是中西方绘画的共同追求,但不同的文化背景使它们分别形成了各自的写实方式。西方绘画注重理性主义传统,强调理性对视觉经验的整理,试图对视觉经验进行"科学"地表现,重在意"识"之实。而中国画注重"根身性",认为视觉经验是身体经验的一部分,强调将视觉经验放入整体的身体经验中来表现,重在身"体"之实。从这一角度来讲,中国画对视觉经验的处理无疑要更加全面,更加合理。

Since the 20^th century, in response to the urgent need to save the Chinese nation by developing industry and commerce, Chinese theorists have gradually come to the misjudgment that ＂ Western paintings highlight realism while Chinese paintings impressionism＂. Such a misjudgment has obscured the realistic elements in Chinese paintings, especially the ways of achieving realism in Chi- nese paintings. Actually, Chinese and Western paintings share the pursuit of realism, but they have formed different ways of presenting realism because of their different cultural backgrounds. Attaching importance to their rationalist tradition, Western paintings emphasize the rational arrangement of visual experiences and attempt to express visual experiences scientifically, aiming to arrive at rational truth. In contrast, strongly influenced by Chinese theory of bodily senses, Chinese paintings regard visual ex- periences as part of the physical experience and attempt to express visual experiences by relating them to the physical experience, trying to reveal the truth of the bodily experience. In this sense, Chinese paintings deal with visual experiences in a more comprehensive and reasonable way.