湖南省2004-2016年学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on emergency public health events at schools in Hunan Province,2004-2016

目的了解湖南省学校突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征,为科学制定防控措施提供依据。方法收集湖南省2004-2016年报告的学校突发公共卫生事件资料,应用描述性流行病学方法分析。结果湖南省2004-2016年共报告1 034起学校突发公共卫生事件,主要为一般事件972起(94.00%),事件类型以传染病疫情为主,共954起(92.26%),其中报告疫情最多的是呼吸道传染病,共726起(76.10%);2004-2016年学校突发公共卫生事件每年的发生高峰为3-6月(495起,47.87%)和9-11月(402起,38.88%);报告事件数最多是长沙市,223起(21.57%);高发学校为乡村中小学(492起,47.58%),其罹患率最高,为5.93%(χ~2=5925.62,P<0.001);呼吸道传染病的疫苗接种率不高。结论传染病疫情是学校突发公共卫生事件防控的重点。教育和卫生计生部门应加大对学校卫生的投入,健全联防联控机制,学校需加强晨午检、因病缺勤登记和免疫规划等综合防控措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of emergency public health events at schools in Hunan Province so as to provide a basis for scientifically formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data regarding emergency public health events at schools collected from Emergency Public Reporting System in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2016. Results A total of 1,034 emergency public health events at schools were reported in Hunan Province during 2004-2016, and most of them （94.00%, 972/1,034） were general events. 954 （92. 26%） emergencies were infectious disease events, and most of them （76.10%, 726/954） were respiratory disease events. The incidence peaks in each year were from March to June （47.87%, 495/1,034） and from September to November （38.88%, 402/1,034）. The majority of the reported events occurred in Changsha （21.57%, 223/1,034）. Rural primary and secondary schools were the high risk areas （47.58%, 492/1,034）, with the highest incidence rate of 5.93% （Х^2= 5,925.62, P〈0.001）. The vaccination against of respiratory infectious diseases was low. Conclusions More attention should be paid to the epidemics of infectious diseases for preventing and controlling emergency public health events at schools. Education as well as health and family planning department should enhance the investment in school health, improve the mechanism of collaboration and intensify the comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as morning and noon inspection, sickness absence registration and immunization program.