共犯理论的中国命运——从概念到工具

The Fate of Theory of Complicity in China: From Concept to Tool

共同犯罪理论在传统理论中是以概念为核心展开的,缺乏实益性的探讨。必要的共同犯罪等概念的设置,对于参与人的定罪量刑没有影响,更重要的是传统理论中的共同犯罪体系本身就是从界定"共同犯罪"概念这一基本立场出发和展开的。从工具论的角度出发考察共同犯罪,共犯体系是一套规范的体系,强调"眼见未必为实",将结果归属于全部的参与者。在"共同正犯模式"中,从犯罪共同说到行为共同说,"共同犯罪"的概念被弱化,因果力被强调;在"正犯——共犯"模式中,从极端从属性说到最小从属性说,"共同犯罪"的概念框架被逐层突破,只要共犯与结果之间具有因果力,就可以将结果归属给行为人。

Classical theory of complicity is centered with concept,which lacks the discuss of real benefits.The concept of necessary complicity has no influence to the conviction and penalty to the participant.Moreover,Classical theory of com- plicity is based on the concept of complicity.To consider the system of complicity from the angle of tool,complicity is a system of norm,which expresses ＂seeing is not believing＇, and belongs the result to all participants. In the mode of ＂co- principle＇, from the theory of criminal to the theory of act commonness,the concept of complicity is avian zed and the causation is expressed.In the mode of ＂principle and complicity＇,from the theory of extreme attribute to the theory of minimum attribute,the frame of complicity is avianized.As long as there is causation to the result,the result can be attributed to the participant.