城市地下空间探测关键技术及发展趋势

Urban Underground Space Exploration Key Technologies and Development Trend

近年来,地下空间开发利用以及与地下空间相关的安全运营已经成为我国大中型城市面临的重要课题,而准确的城市地下空间探测成果是保障其课题成功实施的关键。目前国内城市地下空间利用的深度已达50m,局部特大工程深度在70m左右。未来城市地下空间利用将向综合化、深层化、人性化、生态化发展,从而对城市地下空间探测的可靠性提出了更高的要求。目前常用的地下空间探测技术除了钻探外,主要采用包括探地雷达、浅层地震、高密度电法、浅层瞬变电磁法、井间CT、微动等地球物理方法。以"城市浅层地下空间探测技术体系研究"课题为例,介绍了探地雷达在真三维采集、拟地震资料处理、三维雷达数据偏移等方面的研究成果。结合地下管线探测及岩溶调查等案例,分析了探地雷达等多种探测技术的综合应用及探测效果。研究认为未来的三维高密度横波地震、三维高密度电磁法、三维探地雷达等技术是城市地下空间探测技术的发展趋势。

In recent years,underground space exploitation and utilization,as well as related safe operation become large and medium cities confronted important topic in China. While the accurate urban underground space exploratory results are the key to guarantee project successful implementation. At present,domestic urban underground space utilized depth is already reached to 50 m,local super projects about 70 m. In the future will develop to comprehensive,deeper,humanized and ecological trend,thus more requirements have been put forward on urban underground space exploration liability. For the moment,besides drilling,frequently used geophysical prospecting technologies have ground penetrating radar（ GPR）,shallow seismic prospecting,high density electric survey,shallow TEM,cross-well CT and fine motion etc. Taking the＂Urban Shallow Underground Space Exploration Technical System Research＂project as an example,introduced the GPR research findings on the aspects of true 3D acquisition,quasi-seismic data processing,3D radar data migration. Combined with case studies of underground pipeline detection and karst investigation,have analyzed integrated application and prospecting effect of GPR and other prospecting techniques. The study has considered that the future 3D high density shear wave seismic prospecting,3D high density electromagnetic method,3D GPR and other techniques are the development trend of urban underground space exploration technology.