农民工随迁子女初中后教育选择研究

Research on Migrant Workers' Children's Choice of Continued Education after Graduating from Junior Middle Schools

基于对南京市一所接收农民工随迁子女的公办学校的调查,发现随迁子女对自身未来的预期较低,他们大部分最终进入职校继续读书,读高中的比例非常少。这种教育选择是一个多方主体共同建构的结果:首先,国家的"双轨制"赋予了职校与高中不同的寓意;其次,由于随迁子女家长在经济资源和知识库存上的缺乏,使得他们即使对孩子有较高的教育期望,却无法转化为有效的督促和帮助;第三,教育部门仅关注农民工随迁子女的入学问题而非升学问题,在学校教育过程中采取"区别教育"(即集中于他们随迁子女的身份)而非"融合教育"。这些机制共同作用于随迁子女,使他们最终选择职校,而他们自身也会主动地合理化这种选择。因此,解决农民工随迁子女教育成就低预期的问题,不能仅仅着眼于个人"自我选择",更应该从制度层面思考"结构选择"。

A survey of a public school for migrant workers＇ children finds that these children have low expectations for their future and most of them are enrolled in vocational schools eventually when they graduate from the junior middle school; only a small percentage continue to study at high schools.This choice is a result built up by several bodies：first of all,the state ＂double-track system＂ gives vocational school and high school different implications; second,short of economic resources and knowledge storage,the migrant workers can hardly exercise effective supervision and offer proper help even though they have a higher educational expectation to their children; third,education authorities are only concerned about the children＇s placement in a school rather than their further education,which leads to school＇s ＂exclusive education＂ （in consideration of their status of migrant workers＇ children） instead of＂inclusive education＂.These mechanisms jointly affect the children.They choose vocational schools,and they also rationalize their choice.Therefore,to solve the problem of the children＇s low education expectations,both the students＇ individual ＂self choice＂ and the ＂structural choice＂ from the institutional level should be considered.